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Test Yourself

1

What theory did Darwin propose?

a) Relativity
b) Evolution
c) Abiogenesis
d) Quantum machanics
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2

What is the purpose of higher peaks to the front of the shells and longer necks of the Galapagos Tortoise?

a) to display neck bobbing as a sign of agression
b) to stretch their necks further out and obtain food higher up off the ground
c) to aid in locomotion travelling uphill
d) to breathe when swimming
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3

Whose independent proposal of a theory of evolution by natural selection prompted the "father of biogeography" to reveal his own more developed and researched, but unpublished, theory sooner than he had intended?

a) Charles Darwin
b) William Wallace
c) Russel Wallace
d) Albert Einstein
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4

Where are the most suitable sites for fossilization?

a) seas and lakes
b) mountains and rivers
c) deserts and arid regions
d) north and south poles
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5

How can fossils often be dated using the surrounding rocks?

a) using the depth of the fossil found
b) counting the growth rings on the rock
c) using radioactivity
d) using color, the darker the rock the older it is
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6

Time line

a) Last common ancestor of humans and mice .
b) Homo erectus evolves in Africa and migrates to other continents, primarily South Asia.
c) The planet Earth forms from the accretion disk revolving around the young Sun.
d) The Earth's last (most recent) geomagnetic reversal.
e) Creation of 300km wide Vredefort Crater in South Africa. Formation of bottom layer of Grand Canyon. The top layer formed 250MYA.
f) Oldest tree still alive today sprouts, a bristlecone pine named "Methuselah"
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7

How did life begin?

Even before these existed must have evolved. The original atmosphere of the earth was very thin and contained , carbon-monoxide, and methane, but no . This chemical mixture, together with radiation and frequent l discharges causing was simulated in the experiment in the 1950s.

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8

Miller Urey

At the end of one week of continuous operation, Miller and Urey observed that as much as of the within the system was now in the form of compounds. of the carbon had formed , including 13 of the 21 that are used to make in living cells, with as the most abundant.

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9

What are the building blocks of Life?

a) RNA
b) organic molecules
c) hydrogen
d) DNA
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10

a) is the hypothesis that simply proposes life originated elsewhere in the universe and was transferred to Earth, with no prediction about how widespread life is. The term "panspermia" is more well-known, Panspermia however, and tends to be used in reference to what would properly be called exogenesis, too.
b) The term is also used for the assertion that life can only be passed on by living things
c) is the hypothesis that the seeds of life are ubiquitous in the universe, that they may have delivered life to Earth, and that they may deliver or have delivered life to other habitable bodies; also the process of such delivery
d) in its most general sense, is the generation of life from non-living matter.
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11

RNA and DNA bases could be obtained through simulated prebiotic chemistry with a reducing atmosphere.

a) True
b) False
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12

We now know that photosynthesising organisms had evolved as long ago as

a) 37 million years
b) 370 million years
c) 3700 million years
d) 37000 million years
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13

Fill in the missing terms

Binary fission begins when the of the cell is . Each circular strand of DNA then attaches to the . The cell elongates, causing the two chromosomes to separate. The plasma membrane then (grows inwards) and splits the cell into two cells through a process called .

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14

The simple molecules from which DNA is built are of four kinds and are grouped in trios, and these can be abbreviated A, T, C, and G representing ­*, *, * and * respectively.

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15

A length of DNA bearing the information for an unbroken sequence of manufacture is called a

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16

The is the structure of DNA as first published by James and in 1953. They constructed a molecular model of DNA in which there were two , (side-by-side in opposite directions) strands of the bases guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine, linked through bonds. Each strand forms a helix, and the two helices are held together through , ionic forces, hydrophobic interactions, and forming a double helix.

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17

From primitive the first single-celled organisms evolved . Such organisms are called

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18

"It is even possible that the first cells engulfed and incorporated bacteria and blue-greens to form a communal life" What is the term for communal life?

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19

How do protistans and bacteria reproduce?

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20

Sexual reproduction increases the possibilities for genetic variation and an accelerated rate of evolution.

a) True
b) False
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21

Protistans possessing cilia, flagellum or pseudopodium use these for

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22

The structure of a sponge is simple: it is shaped like a , with one end stuck to a or other object and an open end, the , open to the environment. The , or interior of the sponge, is composed of walls perforated with microscopic pores that allow water to flow through the spongocoel.

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23

Sponges are among the simplest of animals, with partially differentiated tissues but without muscles, nerves, or internal organs

a) True
b) False
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24

Which of the following belong to the taxa Cnidaria?

a) Anthozoa
b) Scyphozoa
c) Cubozoa
d) Hydrozoa
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25

There are over 5,000 modern species of sponges known, and they can be found attached to surfaces anywhere from the intertidal zone to as deep as ?,??? meters.

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26

Can Chironex fleckeri stings be fatal to humans?

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27
Fill in the term

? is the production and emission of light by a living organism as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy

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28

The Portuguese Man O' War (Physalia physalis), also known as the , is commonly thought of as a but is actually a -a of four sorts of .

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29

Atmospheric oxygen and forms the screen which filters rays which provided the original energy to synthesize the first and sugars.

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30

Corals are marine (phylum Cnidaria; class ) existing as small sea anemone-like , typically forming of many individuals

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